Dental Diseases Reference Guide

Dental Caries and Related Conditions

Dental Caries

Progressive destruction of tooth structure caused by bacterial acids

Rampant Caries

Rapidly progressing caries affecting multiple teeth

Root Caries

Caries occurring on exposed root surfaces

Secondary Caries

Caries developing adjacent to existing restorations

Early Childhood Caries

Severe caries pattern in young children, often related to feeding habits

Periodontal Diseases

Gingivitis

Inflammation of gums without loss of attachment

Periodontitis

Chronic inflammatory disease affecting supporting structures of teeth

Aggressive Periodontitis

Rapid destruction of periodontal tissues in healthy individuals

Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis

Pericoronitis

Inflammation of tissues around partially erupted teeth

Pulpal and Periapical Diseases

Pulpitis

Inflammation of dental pulp (reversible or irreversible)

Pulp Necrosis

Death of pulp tissue due to various causes

Periapical Abscess

Localized collection of pus at tooth apex

Periapical Granuloma

Chronic inflammatory lesion at root apex

Periapical Cyst

Fluid-filled cavity at root apex

Oral Mucosal Diseases

Aphthous Ulcers

Recurrent painful ulcers of oral mucosa

Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)

Fungal infection of oral tissues

Oral Herpes

Viral infection causing vesicles and ulcers

Leukoplakia

White patches that cannot be wiped off

Oral Lichen Planus

Chronic inflammatory condition with white striations

Angular Cheilitis

Cracks or fissures at corners of mouth

Tooth Wear and Trauma

Dental Erosion

Chemical dissolution of tooth structure by acids

Attrition

Physiological wear from tooth-to-tooth contact

Abrasion

Pathological wear from external abrasive substances

Dental Trauma

Injury to teeth from external forces

Tooth Fracture

Breaking of tooth structure due to trauma or stress

Developmental and Genetic Conditions

Dental Fluorosis

Enamel defects due to excessive fluoride exposure

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Genetic disorder affecting enamel formation

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Genetic disorder affecting dentin formation

Hypodontia

Congenital absence of one or more teeth

Supernumerary Teeth

Extra teeth beyond normal number

Other Common Conditions

Tooth Sensitivity

Pain response to thermal, chemical, or tactile stimuli

Bruxism

Grinding or clenching of teeth

TMJ Disorders

Dysfunction of temporomandibular joint

Xerostomia

Dry mouth due to reduced saliva production

Halitosis

Persistent bad breath

Malocclusion

Improper alignment of teeth and jaws

Impacted Teeth

Teeth that fail to erupt properly

Dry Socket

Painful condition after tooth extraction

Oral Cancer

Malignant neoplasms of oral tissues